Reforming the ITU’s EPFD framework: GSO and NGSO sharing in Ku and Ka bands

Published: 12 October 2026

This paper sets out our view on how to ensure that the ITU’s equivalent power flux density (EPFD) framework remains relevant and evolves to:

  • enable more efficient spectrum sharing and use; 
  • account for the increasing scale and importance of non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) services; and
  • maintain appropriate and proportionate protection for geostationary orbit (GSO) networks.

There is now a window of opportunity, in the run up to WRC-27, to make material progress to ensure the framework better reflects how modern satellites are designed, deployed and used. Our view is that this work should be approached in two phases:

  • targeted updates to the existing EPFD framework at or by WRC-27;
  • a more fundamental review at WRC-31.

We continue to support the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) process and consider that it remains the best way to set rules for managing global satellite systems. 

We welcome the opportunity to discuss the phased route we see to reform and the priorities for WRC-27 with stakeholders as our thinking evolves. If you would like to discuss the issues or positions set out in this paper, or to provide us with further evidence, you can contact the EPFD project team at EPFD@ofcom.org.uk.