The UK’s mobile network providers are gradually switching off their 2G networks over the next few years. This page explains how suppliers of Internet of Things (IoT) and third-party devices can help their customers during this period of change.
The UK’s mobile network operators (MNOs) confirmed to the Government that they will switch off the 2G and 3G mobile networks to support the roll-out of 4G and 5G networks, which will offer faster and more reliable services for customers.
3G networks are now switched off (as the UK’s MNOs Vodafone, EE, Three and O2 have all completed their 3G network switch-offs).
2G networks will be switched off over the next few years.
Each MNO is setting its own timetable for its 2G network switch-off. These timings might change, and you should check your mobile provider’s website for the latest update:
- EE has announced it will begin switching off its 2G network from May 2029.
- VodafoneThree has announced it will switch off the Vodafone 2G network during 2030 (Three does not have a 2G network).
- In 2025, O2 started work to move traffic away from its 2G network. It won’t be switching 2G off completely for several years. For example, it will continue to use it for carrying emergency calls in more remote areas without 4G. As part of these plans O2 began withdrawing access to its 2G network to inbound roaming services starting from 1 October 2025. This means that 2G devices which use international roaming SIMs from overseas providers will no longer be able to connect to O2’s 2G network. O2 has not set a date for switching off its 2G network.
In March 2026, the Government published a voluntary 2G switch-off charter, setting out commitments by MNOs to support a smooth transition away from 2G services.
Our role and what we expect of mobile providers
While MNOs are responsible for the timing of the switch off process, we want to ensure that customers are treated fairly and can continue to access the services they need. With that in mind, we have set out how we expect (PDF, 284.4 KB) mobile providers to approach the switching off of their services. The document also explains the relevant regulatory requirements that providers will need to meet during this process.
The switch-off will affect many other devices too
As well as mobile phones, there are many other devices that use mobile networks to connect. These include telecare alarms, security alarms, fire alarms, ATMs and payment terminals.
While newer devices generally can use 4G, there are still many older devices that rely on older 2G technology. All 2G-only devices will need to be upgraded to at least 4G.
Ofcom wants to make sure that customers can continue to access the services they need, with minimal disruption. We have engaged with different sectors about the network changes and written this advice for managing the change as a supplier.
Before reading this supplementary advice, please read our expectations of mobile providers.
Help customers through the change
If you provide a service (like telecare) that relies on 2G networks, then you are responsible for ensuring the continuity of service after 2G networks are switched off. This responsibility might be part of contractual obligations you have with your customers, as well as any regulatory requirements that already exist.
Most devices will still be able to use 2G for voice calls and limited data services until the 2G networks are switched off. If a device has a SIM that can only work on a 3G network, this device now no longer works and 3G networks are switched off.
If a device uses 2G then you will need to develop a migration plan with the 2G switch-off timings in mind. If a device uses a roaming SIM you will need to undertake work to understand how changes to 2G networks may impact you (see section below for more detail).
You should also consider:
- communicating with customers to make them aware of any changes that may be required and by when they may need to happen; and
- taking any necessary steps to identify customers who could be affected by the switch-off and minimise any associated risks.
It might take a while to find and source suitable devices, such as 4G-capable, and in some cases physically replace the equipment you have installed. So it’s important to communicate clearly and give enough notice, using the plans published by MNOs.
Give more thought to roaming SIMs
Most SIMs are provided by a mobile network operator (like VodafoneThree, O2 or EE), or by a virtual operator or reseller (like Lebara, Asda Mobile or Lycamobile). We expect these operators to work with third-party users of their networks to minimise disruption as 2G is switched off.
However, some of these devices rely on 2G ‘roaming SIMs’ (usually non-UK SIMs brought into the UK), which roam between the available mobile networks to provide data connectivity.
Service providers often choose these types of SIMs so they have access to all the operators’ networks, maximising the chance of getting good coverage and reliable connectivity for their service.
Because these service providers do not have a direct relationship with MNOs, and there’s often a long supply chain through various intermediaries, it isn’t as easy to tell everyone about the switch-off and make sure they upgrade their devices.
We understand that it might not be easy for MNOs to identify these services, given they are not their direct customers, and the SIMs might have been supplied by international partners.
It’s important that MNOs and other suppliers of mobile services (like roaming SIMs) work closely with their customers to minimise any disruption to services.
Suppliers and users of roaming SIMs should undertake work now to understand how changes to networks, such as O2’s withdrawal of inbound roaming services on its 2G networks, may impact their devices and customers.
Preparing for 2G switch-off - devices using international roaming SIMs
It is vital that providers using 2G equipment are prepared by upgrading to at least 4G capable devices to ensure continuity of service.
It is possible that Internet of Things (IoT) and third-party devices that use roaming SIMs may be impacted by O2’s changes depending on the 2G coverage available from all MNOs at the device’s location.
Part of our role monitoring the 2G/3G switch-off is ensuring customers, in particular vulnerable customers, do not suffer undue disruption. To do this, we have published relevant 2G coverage data to assist interested sectors, especially the telecare sector, which may use international roaming SIMs.
Please note that, as this more tailored data is now available, we have removed from this webpage the references to more general coverage information that we report.
Encourage your industry body to develop guidance for your sector
In your sector, there might be other things to consider when approaching the 2G switch-off. So, we encourage industry bodies like trade associations to talk to their members and publish sector-specific guidance.
Here are some (but not all) types of device that could be affected by the switch-off:
Alarms
- Telecare
- Fire
- Security
Utilities
- Smart meters (domestic and business)
- Solar panel installations
- Monitoring of utilities networks (water, gas, electricity)
Vehicle-related connectivity
- eCall emergency service
- Electric vehicle charging points
- Telemetry/tracker devices
- Parking meters
- Bus ticketing machines
In January 2024 we wrote to local government organisations (PDF, 168.8 KB) and the telecare sector (PDF, 148.5 KB), to reiterate the importance that telecare and other service providers:
- are prepared for the changes; and
- work with organisations that use their services to identify customers who need a device upgrade.